Lab · Fluid Mechanics
Bernoulli & Energy Lab
One flowing stream, seen four ways. The same fluid, the same flow rate and the same stated pressure reference drive the flow path, the head components, the grade lines and the station table — so no two views of this scene can disagree.
The stream
One steady incompressible stream carries the same Q past every station.
Gauge pressure is measured relative to the ambient pressure, so 0 kPa means ambient. It may legitimately be negative. No atmospheric pressure is added anywhere in this calculation.
Stations
S1
Velocity V
2 m/s
Derived from Q/A
S2
Velocity V
4 m/s
Derived from Q/A
Elements between the stations
S1 → S2
Entered explicitly. Losses predicted from pipe geometry belong to internal pipe flow.
Solved on the last element
Downstream pressure
Substituted back into the path, so every view below shows the closed state.
Flow path
Flow path of 2 stations carrying 0.02 m³/s, drawn with elevation positive upward from the datum.
What this Lab models
One steady incompressible stream along a single path. Every view reads the same density, the same flow rate, the same stations and the same elements, so the path drawing, the head components, the grade lines and the table are four readings of one scene rather than four problems.
Model scope
- · Steady, incompressible, one-dimensional mean flow along a single path. Branches, storage and unsteady flow are outside this scene.
- · Elevation z is positive upward from the datum; a drawn height is derived from z, never the other way round.
- · Every pressure is labelled gauge or absolute, and all stations share one reference kind. No atmospheric pressure is added behind the scenes.
- · Pump, turbine and loss heads are nonnegative magnitudes entered explicitly; the energy equation supplies the signs.
- · Head losses are stated, not predicted. Friction factors, pipe roughness and fitting coefficients belong to internal pipe flow.