Domain
Fluid Mechanics
Analyze fluids at rest and in motion through pressure, flow, energy, momentum, pipe losses and flow measurement, starting with fluid properties and hydrostatics.
Every tool below is solved by the same typed Fluid Mechanics computation modules, so a calculator and the Lab it hands off to can never disagree. Pressure is always stated as gauge or absolute, never silently converted, and atmospheric pressure is never added behind the scenes. Depth h is positive downward from the free surface; elevation z is positive upward from the datum. The domain is being built subject by subject: only the subjects listed here are implemented.
Fluid Properties & Hydrostatics
Density, specific gravity and specific weight; the pressure field of a static fluid with depth; pressure expressed as a head; multi-fluid manometer paths; and the resultant force, centre of pressure and buoyancy that follow from that field.
- Density & Specific Gravity CalculatorDensity from mass and volume, specific gravity against a reference fluid, and specific weight γ = ρg.
- Hydrostatic Pressure CalculatorPressure at a depth in a static fluid, p = p_surface + ρgh, or between two elevations, with the pressure reference stated explicitly.
- Pressure Head CalculatorPressure expressed as a head of a chosen fluid, h = p/(ρg), and the pressure a given head represents.
- Manometer CalculatorPressure difference along a multi-fluid manometer path, built from ordered up and down moves through fluids of stated density.
- Hydrostatic Force CalculatorResultant pressure force on a plane submerged surface, F = ρg h_c A, for a rectangle or a circle at any inclination.
- Center of Pressure CalculatorDepth at which the hydrostatic resultant acts on a plane submerged surface, h_cp = h_c + I_G sin²θ/(A h_c).
- Buoyant Force CalculatorArchimedes buoyant force F_B = ρgV on a displaced volume, with an optional comparison against the body weight.
Conservation & Energy
Continuity along one stream, the flow rate a section carries, the extended energy equation with pump, turbine and loss heads, the dynamic pressure of a moving fluid, and the power a pump must deliver.
- Continuity Equation CalculatorSteady incompressible continuity along one stream, A₁V₁ = A₂V₂, solved for either area, either speed or the common flow rate.
- Flow Rate & Velocity CalculatorQ = A V for one cross-section, from a diameter, a rectangle or a stated area, with the mass flow rate when a density is given.
- Bernoulli Equation CalculatorThe extended energy equation H₁ + h_p − h_t − h_L = H₂ between two stations, solved for a pressure, a speed, an elevation or a required head.
- Dynamic Pressure CalculatorDynamic pressure q = ½ρV² of a moving fluid, the speed it implies, and the velocity head it corresponds to.
- Pump Head & Power CalculatorHydraulic power P = ρgQh_p delivered to the fluid, the shaft power an efficiency implies, or the head or flow a stated power supports.
Internal Pipe Flow
The Reynolds number and the regime it names, the hydraulic diameter of a non-circular duct, the Darcy friction factor from the laminar law or the Colebrook correlation, the Darcy–Weisbach major loss of a run, and the minor losses of its fittings.
- Reynolds Number CalculatorRe = ρVD_h/μ for internal flow, from a kinematic or a dynamic viscosity, with the laminar, transitional or turbulent regime it names.
- Hydraulic Diameter CalculatorD_h = 4A/P for a duct of any shape, with direct, circular and rectangular forms, for use in the Reynolds number and the Darcy–Weisbach loss.
- Darcy Friction Factor CalculatorThe Darcy friction factor f_D from f_D = 64/Re in laminar flow or the Colebrook correlation in turbulent flow, with the Fanning counterpart stated explicitly.
- Darcy–Weisbach Pressure Drop CalculatorMajor head loss h_f = f_D (L/D_h) V²/(2g) along a pipe run and the pressure drop Δp = ρgh_f it represents.
- Minor Loss CalculatorLocal head loss h_m = K V²/(2g) of a fitting, bend or valve, and the pressure drop that loss represents.
Momentum
The steady control-volume momentum balance of a redirected stream: the momentum flux at every port, the pressure force on the control surface, and the force the fluid exerts on the bend or support, never confused with the force acting on the fluid.
Flow Measurement & Basic External Flow
Inferring a flow from what an instrument actually measures: a Venturi differential, a Pitot stagnation difference, efflux through an orifice under a head, and the drag a prescribed coefficient gives on a body in a stream.
- Venturi Meter CalculatorDischarge from a measured differential across a Venturi, or the differential a stated discharge produces, with the throat ratio, elevations and a prescribed discharge coefficient.
- Pitot Tube CalculatorSpeed magnitude from the stagnation-minus-static pressure difference, V = sqrt(2Δp/ρ), for steady incompressible flow along the stagnation streamline.
- Orifice & Torricelli CalculatorEfflux under a head: the Torricelli velocity sqrt(2gh) and the orifice discharge a prescribed discharge coefficient and area give it.
- Drag Force CalculatorF_D = ½ ρ V_rel² C_D A_ref with a prescribed drag coefficient, reported as a magnitude and, when a direction is stated, as a force opposing the relative motion.