Domain
Thermal Engineering
Thermal Engineering on Anemodia: ideal-gas properties, the ideal gas law, internal energy and enthalpy changes, specific heats, closed-system polytropic processes, the first law, steady-flow energy devices and ideal thermodynamic cycles.
Every tool below is solved by the same typed Thermal Engineering computation modules, so a calculator and the Lab it hands off to can never disagree. Pressure and temperature are always absolute; no atmospheric pressure is added and no Celsius value is converted behind the scenes. Energy follows ΔU = Q − W, with Q > 0 into the system and W > 0 done by it. The domain is being built subject by subject: only the subjects listed here are implemented.
Thermodynamic Properties & Processes
The ideal gas law, internal-energy and enthalpy changes with constant specific heats, the relations between R, cp, cv and γ, and closed-system processes from isobaric to isentropic on a P–v diagram.
- Ideal Gas Law CalculatorpV = mRT solved for pressure, volume, mass, temperature or the gas constant, with absolute pressure and temperature only.
- Ideal-Gas Internal Energy & Enthalpy CalculatorΔu = cᵥΔT and Δh = cₚΔT with totals for a mass, or the final temperature a stated Δu or Δh implies.
- Specific Heat & Heat-Capacity Ratio CalculatorComplete R, cₚ, cᵥ and γ from any two, with redundant inputs cross-checked and conflicts refused.
- Polytropic Process Calculatorpvⁿ = const for an ideal gas: final state, boundary work, ΔU, ΔH and Q, with the isobaric, isothermal and isentropic cases named.
First Law & Energy Devices
The closed-system first law, the single-stream steady-flow energy equation, and the devices built on it — turbines, compressors, nozzles and diffusers — with heat into and shaft work out of the control volume positive.
- Closed-System First Law CalculatorΔU = Q − W for a fixed mass, solved for ΔU, Q or W, or all three checked for consistency, with Q > 0 into and W > 0 done by the system.
- Steady-Flow Energy Equation Calculatorq − wₛ = Δh + ΔV²/2 + gΔz per unit mass or as rates, solved for q, wₛ, h1, h2 or the outlet speed with every term shown.
- Turbine Power CalculatorTurbine shaft power and specific work from mass flow, enthalpy drop, speeds and elevations, adiabatic or with a stated heat rate.
- Compressor Power CalculatorCompressor power input and specific work input from the same steady-flow balance, with heat transfer stated rather than assumed.
- Nozzle & Diffuser CalculatorNozzle exit speed from an enthalpy drop or diffuser exit enthalpy from a speed drop, with no shaft work and impossible kinetic-energy states refused.
Thermodynamic Cycles
Ideal cycle limits: the Carnot bound between two reservoirs, the air-standard Otto, Diesel and Brayton cycles with their corner states and P–v loops, and the reversible refrigerator and heat-pump COPs.
- Carnot Efficiency CalculatorThe reversible limit η = 1 − T_C/T_H between two reservoirs, with the work and rejected heat of a stated heat input.
- Otto Cycle CalculatorIdeal air-standard Otto efficiency from compression ratio and γ, with the four corner states and heat terms.
- Diesel Cycle CalculatorIdeal air-standard Diesel efficiency from compression ratio, cutoff ratio and γ; r_c → 1 recovers the Otto cycle.
- Brayton Cycle CalculatorIdeal air-standard Brayton efficiency from pressure ratio and γ, with the four corner states from inlet and turbine-inlet temperatures.
- Refrigerator & Heat-Pump COP CalculatorReversible refrigerator and heat-pump COPs between two reservoirs, with COP_HP = COP_R + 1 kept visible.
Conduction & Convection
Steady plane and cylindrical conduction, prescribed-h convection, series and parallel resistance networks, and straight adiabatic-tip fins. Ordered multilayer walls share one heat-transfer solution.
- Plane-Wall Conduction CalculatorSteady plane-wall resistance, signed heat rate and heat flux from constant conductivity and boundary temperatures.
- Cylindrical-Wall Conduction CalculatorLogarithmic radial resistance and signed heat rate through a cylindrical shell.
- Thermal Resistance Network CalculatorSeries or parallel equivalent of conduction, convection and prescribed resistances, with topology-qualified temperatures.
- Convection Heat Transfer CalculatorNewton cooling with prescribed h: resistance, signed surface-to-fluid heat rate and heat flux.
- Fin Efficiency & Heat Transfer CalculatorStraight uniform adiabatic-tip fin parameter, efficiency and signed heat rate, including the zero-length limit.
Radiation & Heat Exchangers
Gray-surface radiation, common-area overall U and single-phase parallel/counterflow exchangers. LMTD and NTU share one energy-conserving stream model.
- Stefan–Boltzmann Radiation CalculatorStefan–Boltzmann Radiation from frozen Thermal primitives with explicit physical validity.
- Radiation Exchange CalculatorRadiation Exchange from frozen Thermal primitives with explicit physical validity.
- Overall Heat-Transfer Coefficient CalculatorOverall Heat-Transfer Coefficient from frozen Thermal primitives with explicit physical validity.
- LMTD Heat Exchanger CalculatorLMTD Heat Exchanger from frozen Thermal primitives with explicit physical validity.
- Effectiveness–NTU CalculatorEffectiveness–NTU from frozen Thermal primitives with explicit physical validity.